With 38 letters, the Urdu alphabet is typically written in the calligraphic Nasta'liq script. It is a modification of the Persian alphabet, which is itself a derivative of the Arabic alphabet. The Urdu alphabet is the right-to-left alphabet. Kamkata-viri language, Kata-vari dialect Kamviri dialectĪlso spoken in: China, Tajikistan, Afghanistan Not to be confused with Kalasha-ala language The list below includes the findings from the third edition of Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010 formerly the Red Book of Endangered Languages), as well as the online edition of the aforementioned publication, both published by UNESCO. Extinct – "there are no speakers left included in the Atlas if presumably extinct since the 1950s".Critically endangered – "the youngest speakers are grandparents and older, and they speak the language partially and infrequently".Severely endangered – "language is spoken by grandparents and older generations while the parent generation may understand it, they do not speak it to children or among themselves".Definitely endangered – "children no longer learn the language as mother tongue in the home".Vulnerable - "most children speak the language, but it may be restricted to certain domains (e.g., home)".The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization defines five levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct": A few are highly endangered languages that may soon have no speakers at all. Other languages spoken by linguistic minorities include the languages listed below, with speakers ranging from a few hundred to tens of thousands. Map showing some of the minor languages in Pakistan as of 1998. Urdu is taught as a compulsory subject up to higher secondary school in both English and Urdu medium school systems, which has produced millions of second-language Urdu speakers among people whose native language is one of the other languages of Pakistan – which in turn has led to the absorption of vocabulary from various regional Pakistani languages, while some Urdu vocabularies has also been assimilated by Pakistan's regional languages. It is written, spoken and used in all provinces/territories of Pakistan, and together with English as the main languages of instruction, although the people from differing provinces may have different native languages. Urdu was chosen as a symbol of unity for the new state of Pakistan in 1947, because it had already served as a lingua franca among Muslims in north and northwest British India. No region in Pakistan uses Urdu as its mother tongue, though it is spoken as the first language of Muslim migrants (known as Muhajirs) in Pakistan who left India after independence in 1947. Although only about 7% of Pakistanis speak it as their first language, it is widely spoken and understood as a second language by the vast majority of Pakistanis. Urdu ( اردو) is the national language ( قومی زبان) and lingua franca of Pakistan. But it’s always best to be in control of your destiny.The proportion of people with Urdu as their mother tongue in each Pakistani District as of the 2017 Pakistan Census We know, we know - sometimes more is better. In many cases, you’ll only need to memorize number words for the first 20 or so digits, and then a basic formula for naming numbers beyond 21 (for instance, in English, you would merely combine “twenty” and “one”).Īdditionally, each guide features audio to help you nail your pronunciation so that you’ll never accidentally order the wrong amount of anything. The following guides will teach you everything you need to know about counting from zero to one hundred in another language. But developing your “number sense” in a new language is just as important - maybe not for the sake of doing basic math problems, but for navigating the many basic, practical exchanges you’ll make with others as you eat at restaurants, shop at stores and share stories about how your day went (can you believe you had to wait for THREE trains to pass by before you could get on?). Additionally, developing a strong “ number sense” early on is crucial for developing a strong mathematical acumen later in life.Īs a teen or adult language learner, you’re probably already pretty good with basic math. There’s a reason why children learn their ones, twos and threes at such a tender, young age: number words are a fundamental building block of conversational skills in any language.
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